Facing a landscape where renewable energy sources are increasingly vital, SPEL’s latest article provides a comprehensive review of AC optimal power flow formulations including objectives, controls, and network operational constraints in power systems with renewable energy integration. It tackles the significant challenges posed by the variability of renewable energies, such as wind and solar, and presents different solutions for integrating these into existing power grids. Our work highlights key strategies for enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of power systems. The insights presented in this article serve as a foundational guideline, aiming to equip researchers and enthusiasts with a holistic understanding of AC optimal power flow’s current state and potential trajectory. Check this paper out in detail below: